According to the China Fisheries Channel, the comprehensive cultivation of rice and fishery is based on the premise of ensuring stable yield of rice, using rice paddy wetland resources to carry out appropriate aquaculture, and forming a seasonal cultivation mode of farming, animal husbandry and fishery. The comprehensive breeding of rice and fishery has the advantages of “not competing with people, not competing with grain”, “one water, two uses, one field and two harvests”, which can effectively promote food production, increase income of farmers and fishermen, and exert a huge ecological benefit. Therefore, the comprehensive breeding of rice and fish is also known as the “rice bag”, “vegetable basket” and “money clip” of farmers.

It is estimated that the comprehensive breeding area for rice and fish in China accounts for about 15% of the existing paddy field, about 67.5 million mu. In addition to the stable supply of 33.75 million tons of rice per year, the comprehensive cultivation of rice and fisheries can increase the income of farmers and fishermen by 67.5 billion yuan per year.

"In the context of the transfer of fisheries and the adjustment of the structure, the development of comprehensive cultivation of rice and fishery, and the use of this as a starting point, vigorously improve the infrastructure construction and public service level of modern fisheries, is an important opportunity for modern fishery construction work. Zhang Xianliang, director of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, said.

Increase food production

"The fish manure can be used to fertilize the field, and the rice fish activity can loosen the soil, increase the soil aeration and enhance the vitality of the roots. In the rice fields where the rice fish are symbiotic, the rice is long, the grain is large, and the grain is full." Zhang Xianliang broke the rice-fishing comprehensive species. Raise the secret of promoting food production.

Since the new century, the proportion of rice paddy aquaculture production in China's total aquaculture production has remained at around 5%, but the aquaculture area, yield and yield level have increased significantly. In 2015, the area of rice farming in the country reached 1.5016 million hectares, and the output was 1,558,200 tons. The yield per mu exceeded 69 kilograms, which was 13.24%, 25.38% and 10.73% higher than that in 2010. This fully demonstrates the vitality of the rice farming economic model.

Under the guidance of national policies, the agricultural sector has led the promotion of comprehensive farming and breeding techniques for rice and fishery. Through compound breeding, resource reorganization and comprehensive utilization, the comprehensive economic benefits per unit area of rice fields have been promoted and welcomed by new business entities. Since 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture has established 19 rice-fishing comprehensive breeding demonstration sites in 13 provinces (districts), with a demonstration area of over 1 million mu and radiation driving nearly 10 million mu. From the demonstration effect, the rice yield per mu is stable at more than 500 kg, and the rice field efficiency is close to 100%.

In 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture launched a new round of comprehensive demonstration of rice-fishing comprehensive breeding technology across the country. Based on its own natural conditions and combining production factors such as labor, capital and technical reserves, the localities explored a rice farming model with local characteristics. There are new models such as “rice and crab symbiosis”, “rice symbiosis”, “rice, fish and duck symbiosis” and “rice symbiosis”. Through technology integration, rice cultivation, water and fertilizer management, integrated pest management and aquaculture technology have been improved, new business entities have been developed, rice brands and aquatic products have been created, and grain production and aquatic products have been increased, creating economic, social and ecological A good situation with both benefits.

The emergence of the new model of comprehensive cultivation of rice and fishery indicates that the consumption demand of characteristic urban residents in China for characteristics, diversification and high quality aquatic products is still strong. The rice farming economy has made important contributions to the modern fishery construction, agricultural restructuring and consumption structure transformation in China. "Zhang Xianliang said.

Practice has shown that in the rice-fishing comprehensive breeding area, there is not only a situation that affects rice production, but also greatly stimulates the enthusiasm of growing rice. To this end, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Ningxia and other provinces (regions) agriculture and fisheries departments jointly issued policies and measures to support the comprehensive breeding of rice and fish. In some areas, some deserted low-lying cold-dipped fields have been developed and utilized. For example, there are 2.06 million mu of low-water cold-dipping fields in Hubei, which have been developed into paddy-raised small lobster bases, equivalent to an increase of 2.06 million mu of paddy fields; More than 3,000 mu of ponds have been changed to a comprehensive rice-fishing breeding model, which is equivalent to an increase of 3,000 mu of paddy fields.

Promote farmers' income

Qianjiang City, Hubei Province is a famous “hometown of Chinese crayfish”. In recent years, the “rice field + aquatic products” comprehensive breeding model promoted by the city has not only made crayfish popular, but also made rice a veritable pollution-free agricultural product, and the income of farmers has greatly increased.

The reporter recently came to the Guanshan branch of the Bailu Lake Farm in Hubei Province. I saw that the rice fields on the base were clear and clear, and the straw in the rice fields was particularly eye-catching. "These straws can be used as the food of the crayfish that just came out of the hole, and belong to the original ecological feeding mode." Hu Wenbin, secretary of the Party Committee of Guanshan Branch, said that they concentrated on 10,000 mu of land to engage in "shrimp and rice farming" and unified training and unification through cooperatives. The “six unification” model of acquisition, unified processing, unified packaging, unified brand and unified sales, farmers can get a net income of 3,000 to 4,000 yuan per mu per year.

“Integrated breeding of rice and fishery has improved the productivity of rice fields by tapping the potential of resources, realizing the doubling of farmland income and increasing the enthusiasm of farmers for farming.” Li Shumin, deputy director of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture said.

The reporter learned that rice and fish symbiosis and mutual promotion can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and can save 30 yuan to 50 yuan per mu. The rice and aquatic products under the rice-fishing mode are of high quality, which is higher than the price of ordinary rice and aquatic products. The rice is generally sold for about 0.4 yuan per kilogram more than ordinary rice, and some rice fields and crab fields can be sold for more than 40 yuan per kilogram. For example, Deqing's Putian rice is 98 yuan per kilogram, and the price of the fish in the paddy field in Liannan Yao Autonomous County of Guangdong is 5 to 6 times the price of similar fish.

The survey shows that the comprehensive breeding of rice and fish is more than 90% higher than that of single rice, with an average increase of 524.76 yuan, and the new model has an output value of more than 1,000 yuan. For example, the average output value of “shrimp and rice co-production” increased by 1456.28 yuan, and the benefit increased by 258%; the average output value of rice-rice model increased by 1762.89 yuan, and the benefit increased by 901%; the average output value of rice-rice model increased by 13,744.94 yuan, and the benefit increased by 5549%; The average output value of the rice crab pattern increased by 2,484.33 yuan, and the benefit increased by 351%.

The benefits of increasing income are so considerable that the comprehensive breeding of rice and fishery has become an effective means of precision poverty alleviation in many regions. Liannan County of Guangdong Province is one of the 16 key poverty alleviation counties in Guangdong Province. With the support of the provincial fishery department, the county has built more than 3,000 mu of Liannan County Rice Field Fish Culture Demonstration Park, covering 2 towns and 5 villages, benefiting nearly 3,000 households, and radiating Drive nearly 20,000 farmers to get rid of poverty and get rich. Yunnan regards the comprehensive breeding of rice and fish as an important target for the industry's accurate poverty alleviation. It supports the development of comprehensive cultivation of rice and fish in Dehong Prefecture and Honghe Prefecture, with obvious results. The output value per mu is nearly 2,000 yuan, driving a large number of farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. At present, in some places, some effective rice-fishing comprehensive breeding industry poverty alleviation models have been developed according to local conditions, and are expanding to other suitable areas.

Promote industrial integration

The comprehensive fishing and breeding model of rice and fishery has a long industrial chain and a high value chain, which has the great potential to promote the integration and development of the first, second and third industries. In recent years, the No. 1 Document of the Central Government has made corresponding arrangements for the integration and development of the agricultural, secondary and tertiary industries. The comprehensive breeding of rice and fishery can be used as a powerful grip for the development of agricultural tertiary production.

Zhang Xianliang introduced that the comprehensive breeding of rice and fishery has led to the processing of rice and aquatic products and brand building. At present, 19 rice-fishing comprehensive breeding demonstration sites in China have created 30 rice brands and 21 aquatic product brands, which greatly increased the added value of products and promoted the development of processing industry and employment of farmers.

At the same time, the combination of rice-field fish farming and organic rice cultivation not only has better quality products, but also has a high ornamental value. It has become one of the hot spots in rural tourism in recent years.

The symbiotic agricultural system of Qingtian traditional rice and fish in Zhejiang Province and the symbiotic system of rice, fish and duck from Jiangyan Township in Guizhou were listed as important agricultural cultural heritages in the world, which led to the development of local tourism.

“The vibrant rice fields and good rural ecology are the important support for the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. The introduction of new consumption patterns will bring higher market value to the comprehensive breeding of rice and fishery. In general, comprehensive cultivation of rice and fisheries The model is in line with the overall requirements of modern ecological agriculture development, and is an important entry point for the creation of ecological and green brands. It is also an important part of the integration of rural tertiary production.” Zhang Xianliang said.

However, it should also be noted that at present, there is still a low level of integration of the three industries in China's paddy field farming. The farmers and fishermen engaged in breeding are the hardest workers, but they are also the least profitable. They are often passively integrated with the secondary and tertiary industries. Reasonably share results in the process of industrial development. For example, rice produced by rice-fishing comprehensive breeding plants tends to sell only 0.4 to 0.6 yuan per kilogram, but the added value has increased by 5 to 6 times or even 10 times after being processed, but the increased output value has nothing to do with farmers and fishermen. Most of the tourism revenue has nothing to do with farmers and fishermen.

In this regard, Zhang Xianliang suggested that, on the basis of stabilizing rice production, explore the establishment of a special project for comprehensive cultivation of rice and fish farming, integrate advanced technologies for comprehensive fish farming and comprehensive breeding, and improve the comprehensive breeding capacity of rice and fish. Encourage the development of new industries such as rice-fishing comprehensive breeding products processing and sightseeing and leisure farmhouses, optimize regional layout planning, support the integrated development of rice-fishing comprehensive breeding industry, improve the rice-fishing comprehensive breeding industry system, extend the industrial chain, and enhance The value chain will improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the industry, and actively study the support policies for professional cooperatives that integrate the first, second and third industries, so that farmers and fishermen can share more achievements in the comprehensive development of rice and fishery.